Refractory clay terminology and definitions
Refractory clay is mainly composed of hydrated aluminum silicate, with a molecular formula of Al2O3 · 2SiO2 · 2H2O (i.e. 39.5% alumina, 46.5% silica, and 14% water). In this group of minerals, kaolin is abundant.
There are several terms currently used to describe refractory clay: refractory clay, flint clay (or hard clay), ball clay (or plastic clay), and kaolin.
1. Refractory clay
This is a siliceous clay rich in hydrated aluminum silicate, which has the ability to not deform, shatter, soften, and paste at high temperatures. Low iron, calcium, and alkali metals, with a composition similar to kaolin, have a better grade after calcination that contains at least 35% Al2O3 (Mining Terminology Dictionary, compiled by the American Geological Society).
2. Flint clay
A smooth, flint like refractory clay rock mainly composed of kaolin, with a shell like cleavage and resistance to maturation in water. Long term grinding in water can produce plasticity (Mining Terminology Dictionary, American Geological Society).
3. Mature refractory soil
It is a part of the mixture used in the production of refractory bricks, which is composed of calcined clay or reground bricks, also known as clay clinker. Its English name is chamotte (Dictionary of Mining Terminology, American Geological Society).
4. Water alumina clay
This is a material mainly composed of (hard) water alumina (or - water alumina<; water alumina>diaspore), bonded by refractory clay. Pure alumina clay often contains 70-80% Al2O3 after calcination.
5. Chinese clay
Soft clay (including ball clay), refractory clay, and kaolin:<45% Al2O3
Flint clay (commonly known as "gemstone" in China), kaolin and high alumina ore:>45% Al2O3
High alumina clay clinker (also known as "mature alumina"): 75-90% Al2O3
6. Refractory mud/refractory clay mortar
All components of raw fire clay, including calcined refractory clay, crushed refractory clay bricks, or both, are ground to appropriate fineness (Mining Terminology Dictionary, American Geological Society).
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